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AIM: To provide the morphological evidence for the compound carbomer building high intraocular pressure model successfully.? METHODS: Totally 50 SD rats were divided into experimental group 40 rats, blank group 10 rats by random number method. The rats in experimental group were randomly divided into 3 groups after the model was successful. Experimental model of high intraocular pressure was sacrificed at 1, 2 and 3wk to observe its pathological structure change and ultrastructure change.? RESULTS: The high intraocular pressure of experimental model in 1, 2 and 3wk all showed the optic nerve and retinal damage. It was to see the optic nerve axon disappear, disorder arrangement of myelin sheath, periodic dissolve or demyelinating degeneration, glial cell proliferation. It showed the cells disordered arrangement of retina, the outer nuclear layer became thick, the inner and outer plexiform layer become thick, the kernel layer became thick, air bubbles, the numbers of ganglion cells reduced, ganglion cells and nerve fiber layer edema, microglia proliferation, vascular membrane capillaries expansion, inflammatory cells appearing. It was to see the retinal ganglion cells layer with microglia proliferation under the electron microscope, ganglion cells structure fuzzy, organelles structures disappear, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial swelling, cytoplasm vacuoles degeneration, membrane plate of outer segment fracture or dissolved. And the damage degree was proportional to the forming time of high intraocular pressure.? CONCLUSION: The morphology change of high intraocular pressure model about the retin and optic nerve proves that it is successful building the model through anterior chamber injection of compound carbomer solution.
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Objective To explore the changes of detection of urine a1-MG and KNG1 in simple type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy patients.Methods 66 cases of diabetic patients in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2016 to March 2017 were recruited,and the patients were divided into two groups,as follows:the diabetic nephropathy (DN) group 34 cases as experimental group,and the simple type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) group 32 cases as control group.Than DN group was divided into two groups according to HbAlc,A groups 19 cases HbAlc was less than 10％,B groups 15 cases HbAlc was greater than or equal to 10％.The urine α1-MG,urine KNG1 and other biochemical indicators were mearured for all subjects.Results Compared with the DM group,the urine α1-MG in DN group was significantly lower (t=9.972,P＜0.01),but the result of the urine KNG1 was the opposite (t=-3.356,P＜0.01).The urine α1-MG and serum GLU in B group were significantly higher than those of the A group (t=-2.092,-3.464,all P＜0.05),but the result of the serum Cr was the opposite (t=2.181,P＜0.05).The level of urine α1-MG in DN group were positively correlated with HbAlc and urine KNG1 (r=0.33,0.355,all P＜0.05).Conclusion There were some changes in the expression of urine α1-MG and KNG1 in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy,which provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Objective To synthesize three kinds of surface-modified gold nanoparticles and to compare their size distribution, zeta potential, surface morphology, and stability. Methods Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) stabilized gold nanoparticles (PVP-AuNPs), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB, a cationic lipid) coated gold nanoparticles (DODAB-AuNPs), and cysteamine modified gold nanoparticles (CA-AuNPs) were successfully synthesized by chemical reduction method. The size distribution, zeta potential, and surface morphology of the three kinds of gold nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and the stability of them was evaluated in various concentrations of sodium ions (0. 01, 0 1, 0. 5 and 1 mol/L NaCl; pH = 7. 2) and at different pH values (1. 0-14. 0) by UV-Vis absorption spectra. Results The mean diameters of PVP-AuNPs, DODAB-AuNPs, and CA-AuNPs were (15 0 + 3.1) nm, (22.7 + 6.1) nm, and (18. 0 + 4. 6) nm, respectively; and their zeta potentials were (- 19. 7 + 4. 1), (62. 8 + 4. 3), and (33. 3 + 7. 7) mV, respectively. It was also found that PVP-AuNPs and DODAB-AuNPs were very stable in NaCl solution and different pH environments. However, CA-AuNPs solution was sensitive to concentration of sodium ions and pH value changes and it could maintain stable only when the concentration of NaCl was 0. 01 mol/L or the pH value was within 4. 5-6. 5; otherwise there would be aggregation. Conclusion The three kinds of gold nanoparticles have a nano spherical shape and good stability, with different surface potentials when modified with different ligands; these findings provide reference for design of drug delivery carriers.
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Now the layer-by-layer self-assembling (LbL) technique has become an attention-getting reparative methodology for ultrathin film formation. Many scientists in different academic areas including bioengieering, medical science, drug controlled release, optoelectronics dive into this technology. Among of them, carriers with structures which can be flexibly controlled are more useful since functional structure units can be assembled in layer-by-layer fashion, which is simplicity, chemical mildness, concealment, can achieve targeted drug delivery and so on. In this review, we have discussed the advantage, development, influential factors and applications of LbL. We have focused on reviewing the applications and perspective of nanoparticles, microgels and capsules were both fabricated via the LbL assembling at drug delivery.